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</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <header>
        <h1>Java后台手机验证码处理</h1>
        <p class="subtitle">演示Java后台处理手机验证码的完整流程，包括生成、发送、验证和安全性考虑</p>
    </header>

    <div class="content">
        <div class="card">
            <h2><i class="fas fa-mobile-alt"></i> 验证码测试</h2>

            <div class="verification-form">
                <div class="input-group">
                    <label for="phone">手机号码：</label>
                    <input type="tel" id="phone" placeholder="请输入11位手机号码" maxlength="11" value="13800138000">
                </div>

                <div class="input-group">
                    <label for="code">验证码：</label>
                    <div class="code-input-group">
                        <input type="text" id="code" class="code-input" placeholder="请输入6位验证码" maxlength="6">
                        <button class="send-btn" id="send-btn">发送验证码</button>
                    </div>
                    <div class="countdown" id="countdown"></div>
                </div>

                <div class="btn-group">
                    <button class="verify-btn" onclick="verifyCode()"><i class="fas fa-check-circle"></i> 验证验证码</button>
                    <button class="reset-btn" onclick="resetForm()"><i class="fas fa-redo"></i> 重置</button>
                </div>
            </div>

            <div class="response-area">
                <h3>验证结果：</h3>
                <div class="response-content" id="verify-result">
                    验证结果将显示在这里...
                </div>
            </div>

            <div id="verify-status" class="result"></div>
        </div>

        <div class="card">
            <h2><i class="fas fa-code"></i> Java 核心代码</h2>

            <div class="code-block">
                <h3>验证码服务类</h3>
                <pre><code><span class="code-keyword">import</span> org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
<span class="code-keyword">import</span> java.util.Random;
<span class="code-keyword">import</span> java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
<span class="code-keyword">import</span> java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

<span class="code-comment">/**
 * 手机验证码服务
 */</span>
@Service
<span class="code-keyword">public class</span> <span class="code-class">SmsCodeService</span> {

    <span class="code-comment">// 存储验证码，key: 手机号, value: 验证码和过期时间</span>
    <span class="code-keyword">private final</span> ConcurrentHashMap&lt;String, CodeInfo&gt; codeCache =
        <span class="code-keyword">new</span> ConcurrentHashMap&lt;&gt;();

    <span class="code-comment">// 验证码有效期（分钟）</span>
    <span class="code-keyword">private static final int</span> CODE_EXPIRE_MINUTES = <span class="code-number">5</span>;

    <span class="code-comment">// 验证码长度</span>
    <span class="code-keyword">private static final int</span> CODE_LENGTH = <span class="code-number">6</span>;

    <span class="code-comment">// 发送间隔（秒）</span>
    <span class="code-keyword">private static final int</span> SEND_INTERVAL_SECONDS = <span
                            class="code-number">60</span>;

    <span class="code-comment">/**
     * 生成验证码
     */</span>
    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> String <span class="code-method">generateCode</span>() {
        Random random = <span class="code-keyword">new</span> Random();
        StringBuilder sb = <span class="code-keyword">new</span> StringBuilder();
        <span class="code-keyword">for</span> (<span class="code-keyword">int</span> i = <span
                            class="code-number">0</span>; i < CODE_LENGTH; i++) {
            sb.append(random.nextInt(<span class="code-number">10</span>));
        }
        <span class="code-keyword">return</span> sb.toString();
    }

    <span class="code-comment">/**
     * 发送验证码
     */</span>
    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> boolean <span class="code-method">sendCode</span>(String phone) {
        <span class="code-comment">// 检查发送频率</span>
        <span class="code-keyword">if</span> (isTooFrequent(phone)) {
            <span class="code-keyword">return false</span>;
        }

        <span class="code-comment">// 生成验证码</span>
        String code = generateCode();

        <span class="code-comment">// 存储验证码信息</span>
        CodeInfo codeInfo = <span class="code-keyword">new</span> CodeInfo(code,
            System.currentTimeMillis() + TimeUnit.MINUTES.toMillis(CODE_EXPIRE_MINUTES));
        codeCache.put(phone, codeInfo);

        <span class="code-comment">// 记录发送时间</span>
        recordSendTime(phone);

        <span class="code-comment">// 调用短信服务发送验证码（这里模拟发送）</span>
        <span class="code-keyword">return</span> sendSms(phone, code);
    }

    <span class="code-comment">/**
     * 验证验证码
     */</span>
    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> boolean <span class="code-method">verifyCode</span>(String phone, String inputCode) {
        CodeInfo codeInfo = codeCache.get(phone);
        <span class="code-keyword">if</span> (codeInfo == <span class="code-keyword">null</span>) {
            <span class="code-keyword">return false</span>; <span class="code-comment">// 验证码不存在</span>
        }

        <span class="code-comment">// 检查是否过期</span>
        <span class="code-keyword">if</span> (System.currentTimeMillis() > codeInfo.getExpireTime()) {
            codeCache.remove(phone); <span class="code-comment">// 移除过期验证码</span>
            <span class="code-keyword">return false</span>;
        }

        <span class="code-comment">// 验证码是否正确</span>
        <span class="code-keyword">if</span> (codeInfo.getCode().equals(inputCode)) {
            codeCache.remove(phone); <span class="code-comment">// 验证成功后移除验证码</span>
            <span class="code-keyword">return true</span>;
        }

        <span class="code-keyword">return false</span>;
    }

    <span class="code-comment">/**
     * 检查发送频率
     */</span>
    <span class="code-keyword">private</span> boolean <span class="code-method">isTooFrequent</span>(String phone) {
        <span class="code-comment">// 实现发送频率检查逻辑</span>
        <span class="code-comment">// 这里简化实现，实际应该存储发送时间并检查</span>
        <span class="code-keyword">return false</span>;
    }

    <span class="code-comment">/**
     * 记录发送时间
     */</span>
    <span class="code-keyword">private void</span> <span class="code-method">recordSendTime</span>(String phone) {
        <span class="code-comment">// 记录发送时间，用于频率控制</span>
    }

    <span class="code-comment">/**
     * 发送短信（模拟实现）
     */</span>
    <span class="code-keyword">private</span> boolean <span class="code-method">sendSms</span>(String phone, String code) {
        <span class="code-comment">// 这里模拟发送短信</span>
        System.out.println(<span class="code-string">"发送短信到 "</span> + phone + <span
                            class="code-string">": 验证码是 "</span> + code);

        <span class="code-comment">// 实际项目中这里会调用短信服务商的API</span>
        <span class="code-comment">// 例如阿里云短信服务、腾讯云短信服务等</span>

        <span class="code-keyword">return true</span>;
    }

    <span class="code-comment">/**
     * 验证码信息类
     */</span>
    <span class="code-keyword">private static class</span> <span class="code-class">CodeInfo</span> {
        <span class="code-keyword">private final</span> String code;
        <span class="code-keyword">private final long</span> expireTime;

        <span class="code-keyword">public</span> <span class="code-class">CodeInfo</span>(String code, long expireTime) {
            <span class="code-keyword">this</span>.code = code;
            <span class="code-keyword">this</span>.expireTime = expireTime;
        }

        <span class="code-keyword">public</span> String <span class="code-method">getCode</span>() {
            <span class="code-keyword">return</span> code;
        }

        <span class="code-keyword">public long</span> <span class="code-method">getExpireTime</span>() {
            <span class="code-keyword">return</span> expireTime;
        }
    }
}</code></pre>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>

    <div class="step">
        <div class="step-number">1</div>
        <div class="step-content">
            <h3>验证码生成与发送</h3>
            <p>Java后台生成6位数字验证码，并通过短信服务发送给用户。</p>
            <div class="code-block">
                    <pre><code><span class="code-comment">// 生成6位数字验证码</span>
<span class="code-keyword">public</span> String <span class="code-method">generateCode</span>() {
    Random random = <span class="code-keyword">new</span> Random();
    StringBuilder sb = <span class="code-keyword">new</span> StringBuilder();
    <span class="code-keyword">for</span> (<span class="code-keyword">int</span> i = <span class="code-number">0</span>; i < <span
                                class="code-number">6</span>; i++) {
        sb.append(random.nextInt(<span class="code-number">10</span>));
    }
    <span class="code-keyword">return</span> sb.toString();
}

<span class="code-comment">// 发送验证码</span>
<span class="code-keyword">public</span> boolean <span class="code-method">sendCode</span>(String phone) {
    String code = generateCode();

    <span class="code-comment">// 存储验证码（设置5分钟过期）</span>
    codeCache.put(phone, <span class="code-keyword">new</span> CodeInfo(code,
        System.currentTimeMillis() + TimeUnit.MINUTES.toMillis(<span class="code-number">5</span>)));

    <span class="code-comment">// 调用短信服务发送</span>
    <span class="code-keyword">return</span> sendSms(phone, code);
}</code></pre>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>

    <div class="step">
        <div class="step-number">2</div>
        <div class="step-content">
            <h3>验证码验证</h3>
            <p>用户提交验证码后，后台进行验证，包括检查是否存在、是否过期、是否正确。</p>
            <div class="code-block">
                    <pre><code><span class="code-comment">// 验证验证码</span>
<span class="code-keyword">public</span> boolean <span class="code-method">verifyCode</span>(String phone, String inputCode) {
    CodeInfo codeInfo = codeCache.get(phone);

    <span class="code-comment">// 检查验证码是否存在</span>
    <span class="code-keyword">if</span> (codeInfo == <span class="code-keyword">null</span>) {
        <span class="code-keyword">return false</span>;
    }

    <span class="code-comment">// 检查是否过期</span>
    <span class="code-keyword">if</span> (System.currentTimeMillis() > codeInfo.getExpireTime()) {
        codeCache.remove(phone);
        <span class="code-keyword">return false</span>;
    }

    <span class="code-comment">// 检查验证码是否正确</span>
    <span class="code-keyword">if</span> (codeInfo.getCode().equals(inputCode)) {
        codeCache.remove(phone); <span class="code-comment">// 验证成功后移除</span>
        <span class="code-keyword">return true</span>;
    }

    <span class="code-keyword">return false</span>;
}</code></pre>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>

    <div class="flow-diagram">
        <div class="flow-step">用户请求发送验证码</div>
        <div class="flow-step">后端生成验证码并存储</div>
        <div class="flow-step">调用短信服务发送验证码</div>
        <div class="flow-step">用户输入验证码提交</div>
        <div class="flow-step">后端验证验证码</div>
        <div class="flow-step">返回验证结果</div>
    </div>

    <div class="explanation">
        <h2><i class="fas fa-info-circle"></i> Java验证码处理详解</h2>

        <div class="method-comparison">
            <div class="method-card">
                <h4>存储方案选择</h4>
                <ul>
                    <li><strong>内存存储</strong>：简单快速，适合单机应用</li>
                    <li><strong>Redis</strong>：分布式支持，自动过期，性能优秀</li>
                    <li><strong>数据库</strong>：持久化存储，适合重要业务场景</li>
                    <li><strong>Ehcache</strong>：本地缓存，性能较好</li>
                </ul>
            </div>

            <div class="method-card">
                <h4>安全性考虑</h4>
                <ul>
                    <li><strong>频率限制</strong>：防止恶意发送验证码</li>
                    <li><strong>IP限制</strong>：限制同一IP的发送次数</li>
                    <li><strong>验证码复杂度</strong>：适当长度的数字或字母数字组合</li>
                    <li><strong>时效性</strong>：设置合理的过期时间</li>
                </ul>
            </div>
        </div>

        <div class="info-box">
            <h3><i class="fas fa-lightbulb"></i> 最佳实践</h3>
            <ul>
                <li>使用线程安全的ConcurrentHashMap或Redis存储验证码</li>
                <li>设置合理的验证码有效期（通常5-10分钟）</li>
                <li>实现发送频率限制，防止短信轰炸</li>
                <li>验证成功后立即删除验证码，防止重复使用</li>
                <li>记录发送日志，便于排查问题</li>
                <li>使用专业的短信服务商，确保送达率</li>
            </ul>
        </div>

        <div class="warning-box">
            <h3><i class="fas fa-exclamation-triangle"></i> 注意事项</h3>
            <ul>
                <li>不要在前端生成验证码，必须在后端生成</li>
                <li>验证码不能过于简单，避免被暴力破解</li>
                <li>生产环境不要使用System.out打印验证码</li>
                <li>考虑短信服务商调用失败的重试机制</li>
                <li>注意验证码存储的内存泄漏问题</li>
            </ul>
        </div>

        <h3><i class="fas fa-cogs"></i> 完整Controller示例</h3>
        <div class="code-block">
                <pre><code><span class="code-keyword">import</span> org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
<span class="code-keyword">import</span> org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

@RestController
@RequestMapping(<span class="code-string">"/api/sms"</span>)
<span class="code-keyword">public class</span> <span class="code-class">SmsController</span> {

    @Autowired
    <span class="code-keyword">private</span> SmsCodeService smsCodeService;

    <span class="code-comment">/**
     * 发送验证码
     */</span>
    @PostMapping(<span class="code-string">"/send"</span>)
    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> ApiResult&lt;String&gt; <span class="code-method">sendCode</span>(@RequestBody SendCodeRequest request) {
        <span class="code-comment">// 验证手机号格式</span>
        <span class="code-keyword">if</span> (!isValidPhone(request.getPhone())) {
            <span class="code-keyword">return</span> ApiResult.error(<span class="code-string">"手机号格式不正确"</span>);
        }

        <span class="code-comment">// 发送验证码</span>
        boolean success = smsCodeService.sendCode(request.getPhone());

        <span class="code-keyword">if</span> (success) {
            <span class="code-keyword">return</span> ApiResult.success(<span class="code-string">"验证码发送成功"</span>);
        } <span class="code-keyword">else</span> {
            <span class="code-keyword">return</span> ApiResult.error(<span class="code-string">"验证码发送失败，请稍后重试"</span>);
        }
    }

    <span class="code-comment">/**
     * 验证验证码
     */</span>
    @PostMapping(<span class="code-string">"/verify"</span>)
    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> ApiResult&lt;String&gt; <span class="code-method">verifyCode</span>(@RequestBody VerifyCodeRequest request) {
        boolean isValid = smsCodeService.verifyCode(request.getPhone(), request.getCode());

        <span class="code-keyword">if</span> (isValid) {
            <span class="code-keyword">return</span> ApiResult.success(<span class="code-string">"验证码正确"</span>);
        } <span class="code-keyword">else</span> {
            <span class="code-keyword">return</span> ApiResult.error(<span class="code-string">"验证码错误或已过期"</span>);
        }
    }

    <span class="code-comment">/**
     * 验证手机号格式
     */</span>
    <span class="code-keyword">private</span> boolean <span class="code-method">isValidPhone</span>(String phone) {
        <span class="code-comment">// 简单的手机号格式验证</span>
        <span class="code-keyword">return</span> phone != <span class="code-keyword">null</span> && phone.matches(<span
                            class="code-string">"^1[3-9]\\d{9}$"</span>);
    }

    <span class="code-comment">/**
     * 发送验证码请求参数
     */</span>
    <span class="code-keyword">public static class</span> <span class="code-class">SendCodeRequest</span> {
        <span class="code-keyword">private</span> String phone;

        <span class="code-comment">// getter和setter</span>
        <span class="code-keyword">public</span> String <span class="code-method">getPhone</span>() { <span
                            class="code-keyword">return</span> phone; }
        <span class="code-keyword">public void</span> <span class="code-method">setPhone</span>(String phone) { <span
                            class="code-keyword">this</span>.phone = phone; }
    }

    <span class="code-comment">/**
     * 验证验证码请求参数
     */</span>
    <span class="code-keyword">public static class</span> <span class="code-class">VerifyCodeRequest</span> {
        <span class="code-keyword">private</span> String phone;
        <span class="code-keyword">private</span> String code;

        <span class="code-comment">// getter和setter</span>
        <span class="code-keyword">public</span> String <span class="code-method">getPhone</span>() { <span
                            class="code-keyword">return</span> phone; }
        <span class="code-keyword">public void</span> <span class="code-method">setPhone</span>(String phone) { <span
                            class="code-keyword">this</span>.phone = phone; }
        <span class="code-keyword">public</span> String <span class="code-method">getCode</span>() { <span
                            class="code-keyword">return</span> code; }
        <span class="code-keyword">public void</span> <span class="code-method">setCode</span>(String code) { <span
                            class="code-keyword">this</span>.code = code; }
    }
}</code></pre>
        </div>
    </div>

    <footer>
        <p>© 2023 Java后台手机验证码处理 | 注意：生产环境需要考虑安全性和性能优化</p>
    </footer>
</div>

<script>
    // 验证码相关变量
    let countdown = 0;
    let countdownInterval;
    let generatedCode = '';

    // 发送验证码
    document.getElementById('send-btn').addEventListener('click', function () {
        const phone = document.getElementById('phone').value.trim();
        const statusDiv = document.getElementById('verify-status');

        if (!phone) {
            showResult(statusDiv, '请输入手机号码', 'error');
            return;
        }

        if (!/^1[3-9]\d{9}$/.test(phone)) {
            showResult(statusDiv, '手机号格式不正确', 'error');
            return;
        }

        // 生成验证码
        generatedCode = generateCode();

        // 开始倒计时
        startCountdown();

        // 模拟发送验证码
        setTimeout(() => {
            showResult(statusDiv, `验证码已发送到 ${phone}，验证码：${generatedCode}（控制台查看）`, 'success');
            console.log(`模拟发送验证码到 ${phone}: ${generatedCode}`);
        }, 1000);
    });

    // 验证验证码
    function verifyCode() {
        const phone = document.getElementById('phone').value.trim();
        const inputCode = document.getElementById('code').value.trim();
        const resultDiv = document.getElementById('verify-result');
        const statusDiv = document.getElementById('verify-status');

        if (!phone || !inputCode) {
            showResult(statusDiv, '请输入手机号和验证码', 'error');
            return;
        }

        if (inputCode === generatedCode) {
            resultDiv.textContent = '验证成功！验证码正确。';
            resultDiv.style.color = '#2ecc71';
            showResult(statusDiv, '验证码正确', 'success');

            // 验证成功后清除验证码
            generatedCode = '';
        } else {
            resultDiv.textContent = '验证失败！验证码错误。';
            resultDiv.style.color = '#e74c3c';
            showResult(statusDiv, '验证码错误', 'error');
        }
    }

    // 生成6位数字验证码
    function generateCode() {
        let code = '';
        for (let i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
            code += Math.floor(Math.random() * 10);
        }
        return code;
    }

    // 开始倒计时
    function startCountdown() {
        const sendBtn = document.getElementById('send-btn');
        const countdownDiv = document.getElementById('countdown');

        countdown = 60;
        sendBtn.disabled = true;
        sendBtn.textContent = '发送中...';

        countdownInterval = setInterval(() => {
            countdown--;
            countdownDiv.textContent = `${countdown}s`;

            if (countdown <= 0) {
                clearInterval(countdownInterval);
                sendBtn.disabled = false;
                sendBtn.textContent = '发送验证码';
                countdownDiv.textContent = '';
            }
        }, 1000);
    }

    // 显示结果消息
    function showResult(element, message, type) {
        element.textContent = message;
        element.className = 'result ' + type;
        element.style.display = 'block';

        // 3秒后自动隐藏消息
        setTimeout(() => {
            element.style.display = 'none';
        }, 3000);
    }

    // 重置表单
    function resetForm() {
        document.getElementById('phone').value = '13800138000';
        document.getElementById('code').value = '';
        document.getElementById('verify-result').textContent = '验证结果将显示在这里...';
        document.getElementById('verify-result').style.color = '#333';
        document.getElementById('verify-status').style.display = 'none';

        // 清除倒计时
        if (countdownInterval) {
            clearInterval(countdownInterval);
        }
        const sendBtn = document.getElementById('send-btn');
        sendBtn.disabled = false;
        sendBtn.textContent = '发送验证码';
        document.getElementById('countdown').textContent = '';

        generatedCode = '';
    }
</script>
</body>
</html>